Effects of Emblica Officinalis (AMLA) on Serum Lipids and Atherogenesis in Albino Rats Fed with High Fat Diet.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Emblica officinalis (Amla) extract on serum lipids and atherogenesis, in albino rats fed with high fat diet. Materials and Methods: Healthy albino rats of Wistar strain (150-200 gm each) were randomized into five groups of six animals each- Group A (received normal diet), Group B (received normal diet + Emblica officinalis extract 1 gm/kg BW) Group C (received high fat diet consisting of vanaspati ghee and coconut oil at a ratio of 3:2, at a dose of 10 ml/kg/day), Group D (received high fat diet + Emblica officinalis extract 1 gm/kg BW) and Group E (received high fat diet + simvastatin 1.8 mg/ kg BW). Treatment period was 8 weeks. At the end of 8 weeks, lipid profile was evaluated by estimating total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum LDL, serum HDL and atherogenic index. Results: Ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis showed significant antihyperlipidaemic activity (P< 0.01) with significant improvement in atherogenic index (p<0.01). Conclusion: Present study suggests that Emblica officinalis extract at a dose of 1 gm/kg BW exerts antihyperlipidaemic effect comparable to that of simvastatin. It also possesses hypolipidaemic activity.

Comparative Evaluation of Glycemic Control & Changes in Lipid Profile with Combined Oral Hypoglycemics (A Sulfonylurea Plus Pioglitazone Versus a Sulfonylurea Plus Metformin) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Emerging datas have shown a high failure rate of longterm monotherapy in preventing the vascular complications of DM II. It establishes the significance of meal time hyperglycemia and the role of post-prandial glucose excursions in the development and progression of vascular complications. This prospective, randomized, open parallel group study was conducted on patients selected from those who were attending O.P.D. of Department of Endocrinology and Human Metabolism of SVBP Hospital, L.L.R.M. Medical College, Meerut. The study have demonstrated that the combination therapy with Sulfonylurea plus Pioglitazone (SUP) is an effective regimen for patients who are insufficiently treated with Sulfonylurea mono-therapy. This regimen may provide a possible positive effect on other coronary risk factors/ dyslipidemias associated with the type 2 Diabetes.

Effect of chromium deficiency and supplementation on some aspects of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in male albino rats

In this work, thirty adult male albino rats were used to study the effect of chromium deficiency and supplementation on carbohydrates and lipid metabolism. Rats were divided into three equal groups control, chromium deficient and chromium supplemented. Rats of the first group were fed on normal diet, rats of the second group were fed on a chromium deficient diet. Rats of the third group were fed on the same chromium deficient diet but were supplemented with oral chromium picolinate [90 |-l micro gm / kg body weight] daily for forty five days. At the end of the experimental period [45 days] plasma glucose, insulin serum triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL and HDL were determined. The study showed that chromium deficiency led to a significant increase in plasma glucose level, and insulin with insignificant changes in serum triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL and LDL as compared to control group. The study showed also that chromium supplementation led to an insignificant increase in serum glucose and insulin with significant decrease in serum triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL and a significant increase in serum HDL

Alteraciones metabólicas asociadas a la sepsis: proteínas, lípidos y carbohidratos / Metabolic disorders associated with sepsis: proteins, lipids and carbohydrates

Para garantizar la función vital orgánica normalmente ofrecida por la absorción dietética es necesario disponer de un sustrato energético adecuado para mantener la homeostasis. Cuando los ingresos dietéticos no son adecuados, el organismo acude a fuentes alternativas de obtención de energía dadas por la gluconeogénesis, lipólisis y cetogénesis. A la interrupción de estas fuentes provisionales de sustratos de energía se asocia la sepsis. Se altera durante la sepsis la función de la vía glucolítica, cuya integridad es necesaria para utilizar adecuadamente la glucosa en la obtención de energía. Todas estas anomalías, unidas a las interrupciones de la maquinaria productora de energía intracelular (enzimas glucolíticas, gluconeogénesis y mitocondria) producen una reducción del adenosintrifosfato intracelular, cuestión que socava todas las funciones consumidoras de energía celular, incluyendo la formación de sustratos energéticos (gluconeogénesis fallida), producción antioxidante y homeostasis del calcio. Asimismo se conoce que el aumento de los niveles de calcio intracelular activa vías enzimáticas potencialmente destructivas, las cuales disminuyen más la función celular y logran provocar la muerte a este nivel. Puede así desempeñar la acumulación de calcio intracelular un importante rol en el progreso de la sepsis temprana a una disfunción múltiple de órganos, la causa más frecuente de mortalidad en las unidades de cuidados intensivos

The effect of phytic acid on the levels of blood glucose and some enzymes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism / El Efecto del ácido fítico sobre los niveles de la glucosa en sangre y sobre algunas enzimas del metabolismo de carbohidratos y lípidos

In this study, six groups of rats were fed as follows: Groups 1 and 2 were fed formulated diets supplemented with zinc or without zinc respectively. Groups 3 and 4 were fed formulated diets supplemented with zinc plus phytic acid extracted from sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) or commercial phytic acid respectively. Groups 5 and 6 were fed formulated diets supplemented with phytic acid extract from sweet potato or commercial phytic acid respectively. The animals were fed for three weeks and then sacrificed The activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as transaminases in the liver were determined. Blood glucose level was also assessed. Phytic acid extract consumption from sweet potato and commercial phytic acid plus zinc supplement lowered blood glucose levels. There was no significant change in the activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase among the groups. Similarly, phytic acid supplementation showed no significant decrease in the activity of pyruvate kinase compared to the group fed formulated diets. There was a significant increase in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the groups fed phytic extract from sweet potato compared to the other groups. The activities of malic enzyme and ATP-citrate lyase in this study were not significantly altered among the groups. There is a lowering of blood glucose levels which is desirable for diabetics who consume sweet potato diets. The changes in some of the hepatic metabolic enzymes are geared towards compensating for the decreased glycolytic responses

En este estudio, se alimentaron seis grupos de ratas de la forma que a continuación se describe. Los grupos 1 y 2 fueron alimentados con dietas formuladas con o sin suplemento de zinc respectivamente. Los grupos 3 y 4 fueron alimentados con dietas formuladas con suplemento de zinc más ácido fítico extraído del boniato (Ipomea batatas) o el ácido fítico comercial respectivamente. Los grupos 5 y 6 fueron alimentados con dietas formuladas con suplemento de extracto de ácido fítico del boniato o ácido fítico comercial respectivamente. Los animales fueron alimentados durante tres semanas y luego sacrificados. Se determinó la actividad de las enzimas claves del metabolismo de carbohidratos y lípidos, así como las transaminasas en el hígado. Asimismo se evaluó el nivel de glucosa en sangre. El consumo de extracto de ácido fítico del boniato y el ácido fítico comercial más el suplemento de zinc, diminuyeron los niveles de glucosa en sangre. No hubo cambios significativos en la actividad de la 6-fosfogluconato deshidrogenasa entre los grupos. De modo similar, la suplementación con ácido fítico no mostró una disminución significativa de la actividad de la piruvato kinasa en comparación con el grupo alimentado con dietas formuladas. Sin embargo, hubo un aumento significativo en la actividad de la glucosa-6-fosfato deshidrogenasa en los grupos alimentados con extracto fítico de boniato en comparación con los otros grupos. No hubo alteración significativa de las actividades de la enzima málica y la ATP-citrato liasa en este estudio. Hay una disminución de los niveles de glucosa en sangre, deseable para los diabéticos que consumen dietas de boniato. Los cambios en algunas de las enzimas metabólicas hepáticas están encaminados a compensar la disminución de las respuestas glicolíticas.

Changes in biochemical parameters related to lipid metabolism following lithium treatment in rat

Lithium is widely used in medicine as an anti-depressive drug. In spite of abundant literature, questions on the side effects of lithium ions are far from being answered. In this study, the effects of lithium on biochemical parameters related to lipid metabolism were investigated. Male Wistar rats were treated with different doses of lithium for a period of up to 60 days. Blood samples were collected and livers were removed for analysis. Lipid related parameters in plasma and livers were measured by st and ard methods. Epididymal fat pads were used to investigate the mechanism of lithium action on lipolysis. It is shown that the major effect of lithium is reduction of HDL-C concentration and the increase of LDL-C only in high doses. Lithium treatment led to a decrease in liver content of triglycerides but phosphohpids increased significantly. Lithium also showed to inhibit lipoprotein lipase activity. This inhibitory effect is potentiated in the presence of citrate. Fat cell lipolysis is also inhibited by lithium, which is not reversed by alpha, and beta-receptor blockers indicating that lithium may exert its effect beyond these receptors. Lithium changes the metabolism of lipoproteins. The finding that lithium decreases HDL and increases LDL concentrations should be considered seriously, especially in patients using this drug for a long period

Attitudes and Reported Practice for Obesity Management in Korea After Introduction of Anti-obesity Agents

This study aimed to evaluate current clinical assessments and management of obesity in the primary care setting in Korea since anti-obesity agents have become available. A questionnaire was sent to eligible primary care physicians selected from a national probability sample in two specialties: family physicians and internists. Of 939 randomly selected physicians, 452 (48.1%) replied. We found that 51.8% of physicians were aware of the definition of obesity, and 33.8% were aware of the definition of abdominal obesity proposed by Asia-Pacific guideline. When evaluating apparently obese patients, 50.0% of respondents measured body mass index (BMI) and 20.4% measured waist circumference. Fewer than 50% of physicians measured blood glucose or lipid profiles, both of which are risk factors for obesity. About 47.3% of physicians prescribed an anti-obesity medication without allowing sufficient time for nonpharmacologic therapy to take effect, and 68.8% of physicians prescribed anti-obesity medications to patients that requested them regardless of obesity status. The majority of respondents did not appropriately evaluate obesity and its risk factors, and were readily susceptible to prescribing anti-obesity medications. Our findings suggest that primary care physicians in Korea need additional education on obesity and its management.

Does Waist Indicate Dyslipidemia better than BMI in Korean Adult Population?

Obesity is an independent and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and known as a core of the metabolic syndrome. Obesity has been largely diagnosed based upon anthrompometric measurements like waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). We sought to determine associations between anthropometric measurements and dyslipidemia in a community adult sample composed of 1,032 community residents (356 men, 676 women) aged 50 yr and over in Namwon, Korea. Blood tests for lipid profiles, including total cholesterol (TC) and HDL cholesterol (HDL) were performed, and dyslipidemia was defined as TC/HDL greater than 4. Anthropometric measurements included WC, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio, and BMI. All anthropometric measures were categorized into quartiles and evaluated for associations with dyslipidemia. TC/HDL showed the significant associations with the anthropometric measures, independently of potential confounders. In women, increases of obesity indexes by quartile analyses showed linear increases of odds ratios for dyslipidemia (p values <0.01 by trend test). In men, except BMI, same patterns of association were noted. WC and WHtR were significantly associated with dyslipidemia in Korean adult population. As a simple and non-invasive method for a detection of obesity and dyslipidemia, anthropometric measurements could be efficiently used in clinical and epidemiologic fields.

Algunos indicadores del metabolismo lipídico en embarazadas y recién nacidos / Some indicators of lipid metabolism in pregnant women and newborn infants

Un apropiado aporte de grasas en la dieta de la embarazada debe garantizar que sus hijos reciban la energía y los precursores moleculares para la síntesis endógena de estructuras lipídicas. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 187 embarazadas y 149 recién nacidos (RN) y se compararon algunos indicadores del metabolismo lipídico con resultados de estudios de la década del ochenta. La asociación de estos indicadores entre madres y RN fue evaluada. Se aplicaron encuestas de frecuencia semicuantitativa del consumo de alimentos en el último trimestre del embarazo. En madres y RN, todos los lípidos séricos evaluados fueron significativamente menores en el 2001 respecto a la década del ochenta (P<0,01), a excepción del C-LDL, que no varió significativamente. Se encontró correlación positiva entre el CT, los FL y el C-HDL de madres y RN (P<0,001). Los médicos de la atención primaria de salud deben recomendar a las embarazadas consumir una dieta en que las grasas aporten el 30(por ciento) de la energía total diaria a través del aumento de la ingesta de grasas de pescado y de origen vegetal, con un enfoque preventivo y de educación nutricional y que se monitoreen cuidadosamente los posibles cambios en su perfil lipídico

Influencia del origen etnico sobre la sensibilidad a insulina, perfil lipidico en personas entre 18 y 39 años / Influence of ethnic origen on insulin sensivity, lipid profile of persons with 18 and 39 years old

Se observa en ciertos grupos étnicos, un riesgo alto de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECnT) cuando los sujetos son sometidos a dieta de alta densidad calórica y estilo de vida sedentaria. Este hecho se asocia al desarrollo de resistencia a insulina en estas mismas poblaciones. La resistencia a insulina está ligada a enfermedad cardiovascular posiblemente a través de cambios en el metabolismo de lípidos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre el grupo étnico con sensibilidad a insulina, características bioquímicas y antropométricas.A 113 sujetos entre 18-39 años se les realizó encuesta de antecedentes familiares, antropometría, test de tolerancia a insulina, genotipificación ApoE y determinación de glucosa y lípidos. Los resultados fueron sometidos a Análisis de Regresión Múltiple para cada uno de los grupos étnicos. TAG se asocian significantemente con edad, sensibilidad a insulina e IMC en etnia blanca (p=0.016), mestiza (p=0.040) e indígena (p=0.040). Sin relación significante con colesterol total y col-HDL, etnia, IMC, edad y sensibilidad a insulina. Resistentes a insulina 44 por ciento, porcentaje relativamente alto considerando que es un grupo de personas jóvenes. La distribución del genotipo ApoE es: 2/ 3=7 por ciento, 3/3=72 por ciento, 3/4=17 por ciento y 4/4=2 por ciento con alto porcentaje del alelo E4. Los datos sugieren que la sensibilidad a insulina es independiente del grupo étnico, IMC y edad. El análisis estadístico permite concluir: que en la etnia blanca la concentración de TAG está correlacionada con la sensibilidad a insulina, en los mestizos se correlaciona con el IMC y en los indígenas con la edad y sensibilidad a insulina. En el grupo étnico negro ninguna de estas variables está correlacionada con los TAG. En cada etnia existen situaciones de riesgo para perfiles alterados de lípidos que se sabe están asociados al desarrollo temprano de ECNT. Los resultados de este estudio pueden ser utilizados como base para el diseño de estrategias de prevención para mejorar la calidad de vida en el adulto

Frecuencia del polimorfismo E4154K del gen de la apolipoproteína B en individuos chilenos con perfil de riesgo para enfermedad coronaria / Frequency of the E4154K polymorphism at the apolipoprotein B gene in chilean individuals with high risk for coronary artery disease

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de morbimortalidad en Chile. El conocimiento de los factores de riesgo asociados a estas patologías, puede ser importante en la prevención. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron: a)evaluar la frecuencia del polimorfismo E4154K (EcoRI) del gen de la apolipoproteína B (APOB) en 60 individuos con perfil de riesgo para enfermedad coronaria (grupo de estudio, GE) y 120 controles (GC) de la ciudad de Temuco (Chile) y b) determinar el efecto de esta alteración molecular sobre las concentraciones plasmáticas de lípidos. La genotipificación del polimorfismo EcoRI fue realizada mediante la técnica de PCR, seguida de restricción enzimática. Nuestros resultados mostraron que el genotipo homocigoto E+E+ para el polimorfismo EcoRI fue significativamente mayor en los individuos del grupo GE (77 por ciento vs. 56 por ciento, p=0.018). Se observó también, que los individuos del grupo GE portadores del genotipo E+E+, presentaron mayores niveles de colesterol total (p=0.003), y bajos valores de HDL-C )p=0.008). En conclusión, nuestros datos demuestran una importante asociación entre el polimorfismo EcoRI del gen APOB y marcadores biológicos de riesgo cardiovascular.

Importância da dieta nos estudos experimentais com ratos: Avaliação dos efeitos da suplementação com aminoácidos sulfurados (cistina/metionina) no metabolismo de carboidratos / Importance of diet in experimental rat models: effets of supplementation with sulfur amino acids (cystine/methionine)in carbohydrate metabolism

A dieta AIN-93, recomendada para roedores, é suplementada com o aminoácido sulfurado L-cistina. Existem dúvidas quanto à necessidade dessa suplementação. Estudamos em três grupos de ratos machos Wistar, dietas sem suplementação (Ssa), suplementada com L-cistina (Cis), e suplementada com DL-metionina (Met). Comparamos peso corporal, consumo, tolerância à glicose, análises bioquímicas e leptina, nos fins do período de crescimento e manutenção, que foram semelhantes entre os grupos. Composição corporal e ensaios em adipócitos não mostraram diferença importante. Resultados mais homogêneos foram do grupo Met indicando a metionina como mais fisiológico./The AIN-93 diet, recommended for rodents, is supplemented with the sulfur amino acid L-cystine. Doubts how necessary is this supplementation exists. We study in three groups of male rats Wistar, diets without supplementation (Ssa), supplemented with L-cystine (Cis), and supplemented with DL-methionine (Met). We compare body weight, consumption, glucose tolerance, biochemical analysis and leptin, in the ends of growth and maintenance period, that had been similar between groups. Body composition and assays in adipocytes had not shown important difference. More homogeneous results had been of the Met group indicating methionine the more physiological...

Study of lipid metabolism in infant of diabetic mothers [I.D.M.][gestational and insulin - depended]

IDM are relatively new population group which started its existence due to revolutionary changes in the treatment and control of DM during pregnancy. D.M. has an important influence on carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism in the diabetic mothers [whether IDDM or GDM] which can affect the neonatal lipid metabolism. The aim of this study is to investigate and verify the changes of lipid metabolism in IDM. The alterations in lipid metabolism depends on the lipid and lipoprotein fraction as well as the type of D.M. the changes in lipid metabolism in the newborn is affected by maternal factors, including the degree of hyperglycemia, the type of diabetes, its control the weight of the mother ad newborn characteristics [especially macrasomia] as well as excessive fetal insulin secretion. However, this may lay a role in the development of diabetes and atherosclerosis in the adult life. This study was performed at Bab El-Sharyia University hospital. It included 100 neonates divided into 3 groups. Group I contained 25 neonates of IDDM mothers. Group II involved 25 neonates of GDM and group III, 25 neonates of healthy mothers. All groups were subjected to thorough history, examination and investigations [CBC, blood sugar, lipid profile [T.C. TG, LDLs, HDLc/HDLc ratio were [S.S] higher in both infants of type 1 [IDDM] and group II [GDM] compared to group III control group. Furthermore, Apo, B/LDLc ratio was significantly lower in IDM [group I and II] than the control [group III]. The blood glucose levels were also lower in IDM compared to the control group. There was also S.I. difference in the TC, TG which may be attributed to the good control of DM in the pregnant mothers. However, the Apo-B/LDL ratio was increased in IDM which is considered atherogenic indicators. In conclusion, diabetes in pregnant women causes a tendency to LDL hypercholesterolemia in the offspring. Our recommendation that, these infants should be longitudinally followed up to assess whether this observation has an increased risk for atheroscherosis at advanced ages or not

Serum Lipid Concentrations in Croatian Veterans with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Comorbid with Major Depressive Disorder, or Major Depressive Disorder

The aim of this study was to assess eventual differences in serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), triglycerides, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio between veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) only or comorbid with major depressive disorder (MDD), veterans with combat experiences with MDD, and healthy control group. PTSD and/ or MDD were diagnose according to structured clinical interview based on DSM-IV criteria. Additional criteria to diagnose PTSD were Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), and to diagnose MDD Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRAS). Serum lipid concentrations were determined by using the enzyme-assay method. Veterans with combat-related PTSD as well as veterans with combat-related PTSD comorbid with MDD showed significantly higher concentrations of cholesterol (F=9.858, p<0.01), triglycerides (F=10.112, p<0.01), LDL-C (F=11.145, p<0.01), and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (F=8.346, p<0.01) vs. veterans with MDD or healthy control group. Contrary healthy control group and veterans with MDD showed significantly higher concentrations of HDL-C (F=8.421, p<0.01), vs. veterans with PTSD or PTSD comorbid with MDD. In conclusion, there are no differences in serum lipid concentrations between veterans with combat-related PTSD and PTSD comorbid with MDD, but they have higher lipid concentrations than veterans with MDD or healthy control subjects.

Infarto del miocardio y metabolismo lipídico / Myocardial infarction and lipid metabolism

Se estudiaron 75 pacientes de ambos sexos que ingresaron en nuestra sala de Cuidados Intensivos con el diagnóstico de infarto agudo del miocardio a los cuales se les realizaron estudios del metabolismo lipídico. De ellos, 47 eran del sexo masculino para un 62, 6 por ciento, 28 del sexo femenino para un 37,3 por ciento, y la edad promedio fue de 60 años. Los principales antecedentes patológicos personales (APP) encontrados fueron el tabaquismo, la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus, aunque en un grupo de enfermos (6), no tenían antecedentes patológicos recogidos en la historia clínica, pero quizás sí otros factores de riesgos como el sedentarismo, los malos hábitos dietéticos, el estrés, etc. Como resultado se encontró a un total de 52 pacientes (69,3 por ciento) con alteraciones lipídicas (siendo 19 correspondientes al colesterol y 33 a los triglicéridos), con 13,3 por ciento de coincidencias en elevación de ambos. La edad promedio en la cual se observó la elevación lipídica fue de 58 años

Doenca cardiovascular: influencia coadjuvante da atorvastatina na sua prevencao em mulheres na menopausa / Cardiovascular disease: coadjutant beneficial effects of atorvartatin in menopaused women

Com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos da atorvastatina no perfil lipidico de mulheres menopausadas, foram estudadas 89 mulheres nesta condicao, com media etaria de 62,83 anos. Todas apresentavam...

Efecto de la administración oral de inulina sobre el perfil de lípidos y la sensibilidad a la insulina en individuos con obesidad y dislipidemia / Effect of oral inulin administration on lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in subjects with obesity and dyslipidemia

BACKGROUND: Inulin is a non absorbable polysaccharide with prebiotic effects, whose influence on blood lipids or insulin sensitivity is not well known: AIM: To assess the effect of oral administration of inulin on lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in dyslipidemic obese subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A clinical trial, double blind, randomized with placebo was carried out in 12 obese, hypertrygliceridemic and hypercholesterolemic subjects between 19 and 32 years old. The subjects were randomized to receive 7 g/day of inulin or placebo in the morning, during 4 weeks. Biochemical and metabolic profiles and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique for assessing insulin sensitivity, before and after pharmacological intervention were performed. RESULTS: After inulin administration, there was a significant reduction of total cholesterol (248.7 +/- 30.5 and 194.3 +/- 39.8 mg/dL; p = 0.028), low density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol (136.0 +/- 27.8 and 113.0 +/- 36.2 mg/dL; p = 0.028), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) (45.9 +/- 18.5 and 31.6 +/- 7.2 mg/dL; p = 0.046) and trygliceride concentrations (235.5 +/- 85.9 and 171.1 +/- 37.9 mg/dL; p = 0.046). No effect of inulin on insulin sensitivity was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The oral inulin administration reduced total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL and trygliceride levels in dyslipidemic and obese subjects, without modifications in the insulin sensitivity.

Alteraciones del metabolismo lipídico en pacientes infectados por VIH: Montevideo-Uruguay, 2000 / Lipidic metabolism alterations in patients with HIV

El advenimiento de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia human (VIH) al inicio ded la década de los 80, y su consecuencia final, el síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA), genera un grave problema sanitario, tanto desde el punto de vista de la morbimortalidad como en lo referente a aspectos sociales y costos en gastos de asistencia. En Uruguay la infección por este retrovirus tiene las características de una epidedmia contenida, siendo la prevalencia actual de 0,3 por ciento. El advenimiento de la terapia antirretroviral trransformó esta afección en una enfermedad crónica y contenible terapéuticamente, pero comenzaron a observarsenuevas situaciones mórbidas derivadas de la misma. Las alteraciones del metabolismo lipídico es una de ellas. En Uruguay no se conoce la prevalencia de dislipemias en los pacientes infectados por VIH. EL objetivo del presente estudio es comparar la prevalencia de lateraciones del metabolismo lipídico entre personas infectadas por VIH, y determinar si las alteraciones halladas en el metabolismo lipídico en los pacientes tratados con terapia antirretroviral (TARV) difiere con el tipo de fármaco utilizado. A tales efectos se realizó un diseño descriptivo, de corte tranversal, de dos grupos de individuos, uno correspondiente a una muestra probabilística de 133 pacientes VIH positivo y otro correspondiente a otra muestra probabilística de 133 pacientes sanos. La significación estadística de las diferencias entre los grupos fue analizada por la prueba chi cuadrado. Se concluyó, en concordancia con otros estudios realizados en el extranjero, que la infección por VIH produce disturbios en el metabolismo lipídico, al igual que el tratamiento con terapia antirretroviral, y que de los fármacos antirretrrovirales, los que producen alteraciones lipídicas más severas son los inhibidores de las proteasas: ritonavir e indinavir. Ello justifica buscar las alteraciones lipídicas en los pacientes que están recibiendo terapia antirretroviral.

Efeito de um novo produto fermentado de soja sobre os lípides séricos de homens adultos normocolesterolêmicos / Effect of a new fermented soy milk product on serum lipid levels in normocholesterolemic adult men

This study was undertaken to verify the effect of a daily intake of a new fermented soy milk produced with Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus jugurti on the serum lipid levels in normocholesterolemic middle-aged men. The study was randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled and was performed for a period of 6 weeks. Forty-four normocholesterolemic healthy, male volunteers, aged 40-55 years old were randomly separated in two groups: The F-group received 200 ml of the fermented product daily and the P-group received 200 ml of placebo (chemically fermented). The blood samples were drawn initially and after 3 and 6 weeks and serum values for total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were determined. The LDL-cholesterol value was estimated. No significant changes in the fermented group (F) were observed for total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol or triglyceride levels, while the HDL-cholesterol level was significantly higher (p < or = 0.05) after 6 weeks. The total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly higher (p < or = 0.05) in the placebo group (P), but no changes were found for the HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels during the experimental period. In conclusion, the intake of 200 ml/day of the fermented soy milk, produced with E. faecium and L. jugurti, for 6 weeks, did not affect the serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and led an increase of 10 per cent in the HDL-cholesterol level.